今日のお題:¶Í¸¶·ò¿¿¡ÖThe Birth of a Myth: Civil War and Sacrifice in Early Meiji Japan¡×"Anthropoetics" 22´¬1¹æ¡¢2016ǯ
In Japanese, the English word "sacrifice" is also expressed with a classical Chinese word "gisei (µ¾À·)." These words are a perfect match. It is because "µ¾ gi" which is composed "µí (cow) + ÍÓ (sheep as the most common offering) + ²æ¡Êjagged spear to kill the offering¡Ë" means "a cow killed with a jagged spear as an offering to the Divine", and then "À· sei" which is composed "µí (cow) +À¸ (live)" means "a living cow for offering to the Divine." It can be said that "gisei" is truly an appropriate word to translate"sacrifice."
However, in contemporary Japanese, "gisei" means not only "sacrifice" but also "victim." This usage, which differs from the original meaning, appeared at the end of the nineteenth century. For example, when a Japanese newspaper reported that the Chinese emperor sent a personal telegraph to the German emperor to grieve over the death of a German minster who had fallen a victim to the daggers of the Boxers (µÁÏÂÃÄ) the year before, the article used "gisei" for "victim."*
It is clear that this "gisei" was not an offering dedicated to a divinity. In this way, its primary meaning in modern Japanese, which is different from the original meaning as "a sacred offering" to something great, is "the unfortunate death" of the blameless.
*"We are deeply grieved at the death of your Majesty¡Çs Minister who fell a victim to a sudden uprising in China which our officers had not been able to suppress.(ÊŲ¼¤Î¸ø»È¤¬ÆÍÁ³À¶¹ñ¤ËËÖµ¯¤·¡¢Ä¿¤¬´±ÎÀ¡Ì¥Þ¥Þ¡Í¤ÎÄ𵤹¤ëǽ¤Ï¤¶¤ê¤·Ë½Æ°¤Îµ¾À·¤È¤Ê¤ê¤·¤Ï¡¢Ä¿¤Î¿¼¤¯°¥Åé¤Ë¶Ø¤Ø¤¶¤ë½ê¤Ê¤ê)" ("Exchanges of personal telegrams between Germany and Chinese Emperors" the morning edition of Asahi-shinbun. October 24, 1900. p. 2.)
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Kirihara - Civil War and Sacrifice
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